au-3 (au̯e); u̯ē̆-

    au-3 (au̯e); u̯ē̆-

    English meaning: from, away, of

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “herab, weg von -”

    Material: O.Ind. áva “ from, down “, mostly prefix from verbs and Subst., rarely preposition m. abl., Av. ap. ava prefix “ down” and (while more the purpose than the starting point of the movement came to the consciousness) “ whereupon to, to what, near “ (e.g. avabar- “ to take there, carry away “ and “ to take there, procure, supply, get “), also preposition m. acc. “ there, there in “; therefrom O.Ind. ávara- “inferior” and Av. aorü “ after, below, down “ (after parü extended from avarǝ); Av. avarǝ adv. “ below, down “= O.Ind. avár RV. I 133, 7; O.Ind. aváḥ (avás) “ down “, whereof avastüd “ under “; without auslaut vowel (compare Av. ao-rü̆ ) O.Ind. ō- e.g. in ōgaṇá- ḥ “ single, pathetic “ (: gaṇá-ḥ “ troop, multitude “; Wackernagel O.Ind. Gk. I 54); Gk. αὐ- probably in αὐχάττειν ἀναχωρεῖν, ἀναχάζεσθαι Hes. (Schulze Qunder ep. 60); Illyr. au- “ (of motion), towards, to (a person or place), at “ in proper names? (Krahe IF. 49, 273); Lat. au- “ away , off, gone “ in auferō “to take away, bear off, carry off, withdraw, remove” (= Av. áva-bharati, Av. ava-bar-), aufugiō “to flee away, run away, escape”; Gaul. au-tagis “διάταξις?” (Vendryes BAL.-SLAV. 25, 36); O.Ir. perhaps ō, ūa “ from, with, by “, as a preposition m. dat., O.Welsh hou, more recently o “if”, o preposition “from”; O.Pruss. Lith. Ltv. au- “ away, from “ (e.g. Ltv. au-manis “ not- sensical, nonsensical “), O.C.S. u prefix “ away, from “, e.g. u-myti “ to give a wash, wash away “ (u-běžati “ flee from “), as preposition m. gen. “ from “ (with verbs of the desire, receive, take) and, with fading of the concept of the starting point, “ by, from “; maybe Alb. particle of passive u “by, from” used before verbs in passive voice. Hitt. preverb u- (we-, wa-) “ here “, a-wa-an “ away “ (Sturtevant Lg. 7, 1 ff.). thereof with t-forms aut(i)o-: Gk. αὔτως “ unavailingly, in vain “, αὔσιος ds. and Goth. auÞja- (N. sg. *auÞeis or *auÞs) “ desolate, leave “ (*”remote “), auÞida “ desert “, O.H.G. ōdi, Ger. öde, O.N. auđr “ desolate “; O.Ir. ūathad “ item, particular, sort “. - goes to the frightening wilderness, wilderness also M.Ir. ūath “ fright, terrible “ (are to be kept away Welsh uthr “ terrible “, Corn. uth, euth, Bret. euz “ fright “)? At least is their connection with Lat. pavēre “ to quake with fear, panic; transit. to quake at, tremble “ everything rather than sure, see pou- “ fear “. Beside aut(i)o- steht perhaps changing through ablaut u-to- in Alb. hut “ in vain, blank, vainly “, u̯e-to- (see unten *u̯ē̆-) in Gk. οὑκ ἐτός “ not free of charge, not without reason “, ἐτώσιος (F by Homer) “ in vain, without success, pointless “. Maybe truncated Alb. (*hot) kot “ in vain, without success, pointless “; Alb. is the only IE language to preserve the old laryngeal ḫ- > k-. to combine *uē̯ -̆ with *au-̯ probably under *aue̯ -: Lat. *vĕ- in vēscor “to eat, feed on; to use, enjoy” originally “ whereof to eat up “ (: esca), from which back formation vēscus “ greedy; fastidiously in food (*merely nibbling off); underfed “; again Alb. eshkë “fungus” : Lat. esca “food, victuals, esp. as bait”. Prothetic v- added to bare initial vowels is an Alb.-Illyr. phonetic mutatIon. vē- to indication faulty too much or too little, vē-cors “ senseless, mad, moves, treacherous “, vē-grandis “ diminutive, not large, tiny “, vēsünus “ mad, insane; of things, furious, wild “, Vē-jovis, Umbr. ve-purus (abl. pl.), wheather “(ἱερὰ) ἄπυρα”.

    Note: Also in Alb. vē- to indication faulty too much or too little: Alb. vështirë “difficult, hard” from (vē- shtirë (participle of Alb. shtynj “push with difficulty”) see Root (s)teu-1 : “to push, hit”. u̯o-: Gk. Fο- in ark. Fο-φληκόσι, Att. ὀ-φλισκάνω, ὀφείλω, Lesb. ὀ-είγην “ open “, Att. οἴγω, more recently οἴγνυμι (Prellwitz2 345, Brugmann IF. 29, 241, BSGW. 1913, 159). u̯es-: With O.Ind. avás “down” attached together formant Gmc. wes- in Ger. West, O.H.G. Westar “ Westwards “, O.N. vestr n. “ Westen “, adv. “ in the West , against West “ (*u̯es-t(e)ro-, compare O.N. nor-đr), O.H.G. Westana “ from West “ etc (Brugmann IF. 13, 157 ff.; about the explanation of the Wisigothae as “ West-Goths, Visigoths “ s. Kretschmer Gl. 27, 232). Here (after Brugmann aaO.) the initial sound of the word for evening, IE u̯esperos and u̯eqeros, see there. Relationship from IE *au̯-, u̯ē̆- with the Pron.-stem au-, u- “ yonder, over there “ as “ on the other side, from there “ is conceivable.

    References: WP. I 13 f., WH. I 79, 850, Trautmann 16.